Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.Over time, liver damage leads to the replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, affecting liver function.
Causes:
- Chronic alcohol abuse is a common cause.
- Viral hepatitis (such as hepatitis B and C), fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and genetic disorders can also lead to cirrhosis.
Symptoms:
- Early stages may be asymptomatic.
- Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), itching, swelling in the legs and abdomen, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and confusion.
Complications:
- Cirrhosis can lead to serious complications such as portal hypertension, ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), hepatic encephalopathy (confusion and altered consciousness), liver cancer, and liver failure.
Diagnosis:
- Blood tests, imaging tests (like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI), and liver biopsy are used for diagnosis.
Treatment:
- Treatment aims to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and prevent complications.
- Lifestyle changes, such as abstaining from alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet, are crucial.
- Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms and underlying causes.
- In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.
Prevention:
- Get vaccinated against hepatitis B.
- Practice safe sex to prevent transmission of hepatitis B and C.
- Maintain a healthy weight and avoid fatty foods to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MASLD).
Awareness Campaigns:
- Organize educational campaigns in communities, schools, and workplaces to raise awareness about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of cirrhosis.
- Utilize social media and other platforms to disseminate information and resources.
Support for Patients and Families:
- Offer support groups and counselling services for patients and their families to cope with the emotional and practical challenges of living with cirrhosis.
By
Dr Deepak Suvarna
HOD and Professor,
Dept of Medical Gastroenterology
JSS Hospital, Mysuru