Category : Gastroenterology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that affects the large intestine, causing a range of symptoms that can vary from person to person. While IBS is not life-threatening, its impact on quality of life can be significant, making it important to understand what it is, how it’s diagnosed, and what treatment options are available.
What is IBS?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder that causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and constipation. These symptoms may come and go, and their severity can range from mild to severe. IBS is considered a functional disorder, meaning there is no structural damage to the intestines, but rather, it is a result of abnormal functioning.
While the exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, it is believed to be influenced by several factors, including:
- Gut Motility: The muscles of the intestines may contract more strongly or less frequently than normal, leading to issues with digestion.
- Gut Sensitivity: The nerves in the intestines may be more sensitive to stimuli, causing pain and discomfort.
- Stress and Anxiety: Emotional stress can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms.
- Dietary Triggers: Certain foods, such as dairy, high-fat foods, and caffeine, can exacerbate symptoms.
Symptoms of IBS
The symptoms of IBS can vary greatly from person to person. Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal Pain or Cramping: Often relieved by a bowel movement.
- Bloating and Gas: A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen.
- Diarrhea (IBS-D): Frequent, urgent bowel movements that may be watery.
- Constipation (IBS-C): Difficulty passing stools, or fewer bowel movements.
- Alternating Diarrhea and Constipation (IBS-M): A combination of both diarrhea and constipation.
It’s important to note that IBS symptoms often fluctuate, and some individuals may experience flare-ups triggered by stress, certain foods, or other environmental Factors.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBS remains unclear, but a combination of factors is thought to play a role:
- Genetics: While IBS does not have a direct hereditary link, it tends to run in families, suggesting genetics may be a factor.
- Infections or Antibiotic Use: Some people develop IBS after a severe gastrointestinal infection, a condition known as post-infectious IBS.
- Gut Microbiota Imbalance: An imbalance in the gut’s bacteria may contribute to symptoms.
- Increased Sensitivity in the Intestines: Some people with IBS have more sensitive intestines, which can lead to heightened pain perception.
- Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can either trigger or worsen IBS symptoms.
By
Dr. Deepak Suvarna,
HOD, Professor,
Dept of Medical Gastroenterology
JSS Hospital, Mysuru