Category : Health and you
Prediabetes is a health condition that often flies under the radar but has significant implications for long-term health. It affects millions of people worldwide, with many unaware they have it. By understanding what prediabetes is, how it develops, and how to manage it, individuals can take steps to prevent its progression to type 2 diabetes and associated complications.
What is Prediabetes?
Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. It is a warning sign that the body isn’t processing sugar effectively.
To diagnose prediabetes, healthcare providers use tests such as:
- Fasting Blood Glucose Test: Blood sugar levels between 100–125 mg/dL indicate prediabetes.
- HbA1c Test: A reading between 5.7% and 6.4% suggests prediabetes.
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Blood sugar levels between 140–199 mg/dL two hours after consuming a glucose drink signal prediabetes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Prediabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Several factors can increase the risk of developing prediabetes, including:
- Lifestyle: Sedentary behavior and poor dietary choices.
- Weight: Being overweight, especially with excess fat around the abdomen.
- Family History: A close relative with type 2 diabetes.
- Age: People over 45 are at higher risk.
- Other Conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, or a history of gestational diabetes.
Symptoms of Prediabetes
Most people with prediabetes experience no symptoms. However, some may notice:
- Unexplained fatigue.
- Dark patches of skin, often around the neck or armpits (a condition called acanthosis nigricans).
- Increased thirst or frequent urination (though these are more common in diabetes).
Why is Prediabetes a Concern?
If left untreated, prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes, a condition associated with severe health complications, including:
- Heart disease.
- Kidney damage.
- Vision problems.
- Nerve damage.
The good news is that prediabetes is reversible with lifestyle changes.
Steps to Manage and Reverse Prediabetes
Adopt a Healthy Diet:
- Choose whole grains, lean proteins, and plenty of vegetables.
- Reduce intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and high-calorie snacks.
- Practice portion control to avoid overeating.
Stay Physically Active:
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, such as walking, cycling, or swimming.
- Incorporate strength training exercises twice a week to build muscle and improve insulin sensitivity.
Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Weight:
Losing even 5–7% of body weight can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Monitor Blood Sugar Levels:
Regular screenings can help track improvements and detect potential issues early.
Seek Professional Guidance:
Consult a healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to create a personalized plan.
If necessary, medications like metformin may be prescribed to help manage blood sugar levels.
Preventing Prediabetes
Even if you don’t currently have prediabetes, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce your risk. Focus on balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. If you have a family history of diabetes or other risk factors, periodic blood sugar testing is essential.
Final Thoughts
Prediabetes is a wake-up call, not a life sentence. With the right actions, you can reclaim your health and prevent future complications. Small, consistent changes in your lifestyle can lead to big results. Don’t wait for symptoms—get tested, get informed, and take control of your health today.
If you suspect you may have prediabetes or are at risk, consult your healthcare provider for guidance
By
Dr. Rajendra Prasad,
Associate Professor,
Dept. of General Medicine & In charge, Comprehensive Diabetic Care Centre
JSS Hopsital, Mysuru